Zakale kwambiriMakatani a Camping adawonekera kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Warring States. Mapangidwe ake nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magawo atatu: bedi, bedi ndi kabati. Theka lililonse la bedi limapangidwa ndi khola la bedi, zomangira bedi, zotchingira ndi matabwa opindika. Bedi loterolo likhoza kupukutidwa, ndipo kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa bedi la bedi lidzakhala laling'ono kwambiri pambuyo popinda. Bedi lopinda nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi matabwa olimba.
Pakati pa mafumu a mibadwo yonse ku China, pali mafumu aŵiri odziŵika bwino a akalipentala, amene afika pachimake pa ntchito ya ukalipentala ndipo agwidwa ndi mdierekezi. Mmodzi ndi mfumu Yuanshun, munthu wonenepa yemwe amatha kupanga bwato lake lalikulu la chinjoka, yemwe pomalizira pake adathamangitsidwa ku Central Plains ndi Zhu Yuanzhang; winayo ndi mbadwa za Zhu Yuanzhang, "Mmisiri waluso" wa mingxizong, Zhu Youxiao, yemwe ndi woyambitsa ndi wopanga bedi loyamba lopinda m'mbiri.
